Participatory water play apparatus

ABSTRACT

An endoskeletal or exoskeletal participatory water play structure comprised of play elements, water carrying conduits with attached water forming devices, associated valves, and issuing water effects, all of which define a three dimensional structure whereupon participants can manipulate valves to cause controllable changes in water effects that issue from the various water forming devices, and thus, alter the embodiment&#39;s overall appearance, sound and feel resulting in participant and observer recreational enjoyment.

This is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 08/333,373filed on Dec. 16, 1994, now abandoned, which is a continuation ofapplication Ser. No. 08/025,143 filed on Mar. 2, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No.5,405,294 which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 604,946, filed Oct.29, 1990 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,048, which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 438,220, filed Nov. 20, 1989,which issued as U.S. Pat. No. Des. 330,579.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates in general to water amusement attractions,specifically a structure with a multiplicity of water forming devices,valves, play elements and water effects that in combination permit highcapacity educationally interactive participatory water play that willphysically change in appearance, sound and texture as it is played uponand around.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION--DISCUSSION OF PRIOR ART

The 80's decade has witnessed phenomenal growth in the participatoryfamily water recreation facility, i.e., the waterpark, and in wateroriented ride attractions in the traditional themed amusement parks. Themajority of attractions designed for these facilities are targeted atthe teen market. Children/parent water attractions are poorly lacking.The subject invention is aimed at satisfying this children/parent marketsegment for these larger scale commercial/public recreation facilities.

The amusement field is replete with inventions that utilize water as apassive play feature, however, none to date describe the participatoryimprovements contemplated by the subject invention, as an examination ofsome representative references will reveal. Jacober et al., U.S. Pat.No. 4,805,898 issued Feb. 21, 1989 discloses a waterslide with aweb-like flexible slide and buoyant landing pad that extends into awater-containing pool. The structure and operation of Jacober is limitedto improvements to recreational waterslide systems and as such has norelevance to the present invention.

Bracy, U.S. Pat. No. 4,799,665 issued Jan. 24, 1989 discloses acollapsible sandbox and swimming pool playset which includes a swimmingpool, sandbox, ladder, chin-up bar and slide. Bracy shares an attributeof the subject invention, i.e., componentization of play elements,however, the scope and scale of Bracy is far removed from the structureenvisioned herein. Furthermore, the water feature of Bracy is limited toa small pool. No active participatory water effects or elements outsideof the pool are described. Consequently, the structure and operation ofBracy has no relevance to the present invention.

Janszen, U.S. Pat. No. 4,573,679 issued Mar. 4, 1986 discloses abaseball batting device in which a tethered ball is rotated by waterpropulsion. The structure and operation of Janszen has no relevance tothe present invention.

Gaspar, U.S. Pat. No. 4,057,244 Issued Nov. 8, 1977 discloses a child'splay seat with a plurality of water or sand amusement devices secured toa backboard attached to the play seat. The structure and operation ofGaspar has no relevance to the present invention.

Larsen, U.S. Pat. No. 3,539,181 issued Nov. 10, 1970 discloses anapparatus that takes the traditional backyard gym (swing) set andconnects it to a garden hose with spray heads attached over each gymelement. Larsen, although having some attributes of the subjectinvention is readily distinguished upon the following grounds:

(1) The structure of Larsen is limited to two dimensions and onedirection of water motion, specifically a horizontal bar with attacheddownward directed spray heads. Conversely the structure of the subjectinvention, a multilevel water appliance, takes advantage of threedimensions with water effects occurring omni-directionally. This threedimensional distinction functions to support participants at variouselevations with multi-directional water effects at each elevation andalso allows the creation of interior spaces, all of which were notcontemplated by Larsen.

(2) The structure and function of Larsen's appliance is described andlimited to a gym set with quasi-static spray attachments. The structureand function of the subject invention is described as a fullyparticipatory hydro-dynamic water play structure, e.g., an interactivewater play house, water play fire truck, or water play animal. A twodimensional aqua-gym is structurally distinct from the three dimensionalinteractive water playhouse, lure truck, animal or other physicalstructure as contemplated by the subject invention.

(3) The play elements for Larsen are limited to standard type gymelements, e.g, swing, seesaw, slide. The subject invention's playelements includes the water appliance superstructure itself, as well asa large variety of water and non-water play elements attached to andintegrated with this superstructure, e.g, waterfall roof, fixed androtating tunnels, tunnel-slides, bridges, decks, crow's nests,water-cannons, geysers, water mirrors, bucket dumps, etc. Larsen typegym elements could be integrated, however, are not required.

(4) Larsen describes his water connection to his structure as "a gardenhose connection." The standard garden hose connection (i.e., 1/2" to5/8" diameter) is capable of spraying 15-20 gallons per minute. Thesubject invention's water connection is usually 4 to 6 inches indiameter and capable of issuing just under 500 to an average 2,000gallons per minute with even greater flows dependent upon the size ofthe desired installation.

(5) Larsen describes his water forming device as a "sprinkler or sprayhead" with one spray head per gym element. The subject invention's waterforming devices includes: external and internal nipple nozzles; conenozzles; water gun nozzles; geyser nozzles; platform nozzles; fognozzles, water ball nozzles; laminar flow nozzles; water rake weirs;water curtain weirs; weirs with inclined surfaces; pipe-flows apertures;pool and runnel apertures; bucket apertures; as well as spray heads.

(6) Larsen describes the water effect that issues from his water formingdevice as a "fine . . . or course . . . spray". The subject invention'swater effects include: waterfalls; jets; water dumps; laminar flows;water balls; geysers; bubbles; water curtains; pipe flows; mist; fog; aswell as spray.

(7) Larsen attaches the control valve for each spray head to thehorizontal bar under which the gym elements are suspended. In thetraditional backyard gym (swing) set this horizontal bar is definitelynot within reach of the intended children participants and is most oftennot within reach of an adult supervisor (owner) except by way of aladder. Furthermore, Larsen does not teach that the valves of hisstructure are to be participant (children) control led, rather, heteaches that the participants only swing, play in, or run under thesprinkling water (Column 2, Lines 11 through 13). Larsen does teach thatthe owner of an exiting gym can install hoses, connectors, spray heads,and valves to effect operation of the aqua gym (Column 2 Lines 14through 16). And it is logical that the owner (adult) would presumablymake a one-time adjustment to all valves and spray heads so as to permitthe intended children participants to play thereunder. However, a cleardistinction must be made between an owner who makes infrequentadjustments to a valve so as to invoke a preferred static water effectunder which the participant plays (e.g., swings), and a participant whocontinually moves a valve to cause a change in water effect that isitself the purpose of intended water play. Larsen does not teach thelatter. Accordingly, Larsen omits a critical feature of the subjectinvention, i.e., the ability for the participant to intentionally changethe form and volume of the water that he or she is playing with. Thesubject invention's entire structure and function is designed to enableparticipants to engage in water play by manipulating easily accessiblevalves which in turn change the form and volume of associated watereffects. In that Larsen's valves are not within reach of the intendedusers, it is submitted that Larsen teaches away from participantcontrol.

(8) Larsen does not address the issue of water run-off or recirculation.Unrestricted run-off can be damaging and wasteful. The subject inventioncontemplates use of a recirculation system to avoid damaging run-off andto promote water conservation.

Wolf, West Germany, Pat. No. 1,031,693, issued Jun. 1, 1958 discloses apolyhedron pipe frame structure with water supplied through the pipeframe to issue from a downward spraying nozzle located on an uppermostpipe and to issue from a multiplicity of holes drilled into the pipeframe. The water supply is turned on or off by a valve located at thebase of the unit. The subject invention is readily distinguished fromWolf on the following grounds:

(1) Wolf does not address a critical feature of the subject invention,i.e., the ability of the intended user to operably control (throughassorted valve means) the water that issues from the various waterforming devices. Wolf employs a single on/off valve to serve the entirestructure and such valve is not positioned or intended to be operated bythe riser as an element of participatory play. Furthermore, Wolf doesnot provide for independent control of a given water effect by anassociated valve means. Wolf's structure is hydrodynamically static andremains unchanged during participant use. Conversely, the subjectinvention uniquely integrates the structure and function of numerouscontrollable valves with associated flow forming devices to produce acornucopia of water effects all of which may be operably controlled bythe user. By way of example, in the subject invention, pushing a levercauses a geyser to grow 6 feet in height; or hitting a button causes aball of water to arch through the air; pulling a rope causes a spigot tospout or a bucket to dump its load of water; and turning a wheel causesa waterfall to splash over a participant located on an upper platform.Thus, in the subject invention physical interaction by the user createsa "live" hydrodynamically non-static structure that physically changesin appearance, sound, and texture each time it is used. In that Wolf'sstructure is hydrodynamically static and unchanged during use, Wolfteaches away from participant interactive control and structuralmetamorphose as taught by the subject invention.

(2) Wolf limits his water forming devices to one nozzle and two types ofapertures. The nozzle is a standard downward directed shower nozzle. Theapertures include a series of holes drilled into the pipe frame and aplug with smaller holes drilled therein and reinserted into the pipeframe. The subject invention significantly expands the quality andquantity of water effects originating from the pipe structure, e.g.,water falls; jets; water dumps; laminar flows; water balls; geysers;bubbles; water curtains; pipe flows; mist; fog; as well as spray from ashower or drilled hole aperture.

(3) The water effect that issues from Wolfs flow forming devices islimited to a spray in the horizontal or downward direction. Conversely,the subject invention is not limited to horizontal or downward directedsprays of water, rather, water issues in all directions.

(4) Wolf does not contemplate play elements incorporated within his pipestructure. The subject invention's play elements include the waterappliance structure itself, as well as all of the elements within andattached to the structure, e.g., waterfall roof, fixed and rotatingtunnels, tunnel slides, bridges, decks, water-cannons, geyser pulleys,water mirrors, crows nest, etc.

(5) Wolf does not address the issue of water run-off or recirculation.Unrestricted run-off can be damaging and wasteful. The subject inventioncontemplates use of a recirculation system to avoid damaging run-off andto promote water conservation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

To better understand the objects and advantages of the invention asdescribed herein, a list of special terms as used herein are defined:

(1) Endoskeletal (or Endoskeleton) water play structure: refers to thatclass of water play structures wherein those elements which provide theprimary structural support for the structure also carry the water to thevarious water effects utilized on the structure, e.g., a pipe frame.

(2) Exoskeletal (or Exoskeleton) water play structure: refers to thatclass of water play structures wherein the materials that provide theprimary structural support to the structure do not carry water to thevarious water effects, rather, water is carded by a non structuralconduit, e.g., flexible hose.

(3) Recirculating drain: includes drain systems associated with filters,pool skimmers, pool gutters, overflows, surge tanks, aeration,sanitation, cooling and any other similar water collection andredistribution system.

The primary objective of the present invention is to create a threedimensional endoskeletal or exoskeletal structure that in and of itselfis a play element, houses a multiplicity of other water and non-waterplay elements, allows for omni-directional orientation of water effects,and creates a myriad of changeable classes of water effects. Theadvantages of such an attraction are numerous. Large scale high capacityparticipatory water play for amusement facilities and public parks ismade possible by the subject invention. The multi-level assembly ofplatforms, conduits, grates, bridges, tunnels, walls, pools, wheels,props, and controls for various water effects invite participants (wetor dry) to play and observers to enjoy hours of fun and fancy.

An equally important objective of the present invention is itsinteractive physical and participatory nature. Standard play equipment,as witnessed by the prior art, is hydrodynamically static and remainsunchanged time after time. A significant advantage of the subjectinvention is its operational ability to allow changes to water effectsby the simple physical acts of pushing a lever, pulling a rope, hittinga button or turning a valve. Such physical acts create an infinite arrayof water effects that differ as a function of the participant's usingit, yet controllable, each time it is used.

A third objective of the subject invention is education, i.e., learningthrough interactive participation. By operating the various valves andcontrolling the various water effects participants, especially youngchildren, learn the cause and effect relationship between action(pulling a rope or turning a wheel) and reaction (getting doused with agush of water or watching a geyser erupt). Interactive participationallows the participant to enhance their knowledge of water, its manyshapes, forms, textures and consequences under various dynamicconditions.

A fourth objective of the subject invention is synergistic integration.The method and manner in which components are arranged in the playenvironment significantly affects the educative process and amount ofenjoyment that participants receive. Too often a play space will consistof isolated activities separated by an empty space which only functionsto keep participants alone and apart. The subject invention is designedto coordinate all play elements, valves, and water forming devices intoone integrated unit such that synergistic interplay results in a wholethat is more exciting, creative and fun than the sum of its parts.

A fifth objective of the present invention is the componentization ofstructural additions, water play elements and the water effects so thateach component can be isolated by cost to allow for maximum purchaserbudget flexibility and permit subsequent additions over a period ofyears.

A sixth objective of the present invention is the use of a drain andwater re-circulation system to avoid damaging run-off and to promotewater conservation.

Other objectives and goals will be apparent from the followingdescription taken in conjunction with the drawings included herewith.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts a generalized view of an endoskeletal "playhouse"participatory water play structure.

FIG. 2 depicts a generalized view of an endoskeletal "fire truck"participatory water play structure.

FIG. 3 depicts a generalized view of an endoskeletal "whale"participatory water play structure.

FIG. 4 depicts a generalized view of an endoskeletal "whale"participatory water play structure with an exterior skin.

FIG. 5 is a schematic plumbing drawing for the endoskeletal playstructure.

FIG. 6a shows a perspective view of an external nipple nozzle angled at45 degrees from the horizontal to form an arch jet.

FIG. 6b is a cross-section of the external nipple nozzle of FIG. 6a.

FIG. 6c shows a perspective view of an internal nipple nozzle aimedhorizontally to form an angle jet.

FIG. 6d is a cross-section of the internal nipple nozzle of FIG. 6c.

FIG. 6e illustrates a series of vertical jets produced when nipplenozzles are directed vertically.

FIG. 6f illustrates a series of bar jets produced when nipple nozzlesare directed downwardly.

FIG. 6g depicts a series of horizontal jets created when nipple nozzlesare oriented one-on-top-of-the-other along the vertical axis.

FIG. 6h depicts a series of peacock jets created when nipple nozzles arelinearly oriented around a curved conduit.

FIG. 6i shows a cone nozzle producing an umbrella spray.

FIG. 6j shows a cone nozzle producing a cone spray.

FIG. 6k illustrates a water gun forming a water gun jet.

FIG. 6l illustrates geyser nozzle forming a geyser.

FIG. 6m depicts a platform nozzle forming a platform spout.

FIG. 6n depicts a fog nozzle issuing a fog water effect.

FIG. 6o indicates a laminar flow nozzle generating a laminar flow.

FIG. 6p indicates a water ball nozzle shooting a water ball.

FIG. 6q details a curtain water fall weir creating a curtain water fall.

FIG. 6r details weir with inclined surface creating an inclined surfacesheet with subsequent curtain water fall.

FIG. 6s pictures rake water fall weir forming a rake water fall.

FIG. 6t pictures open pipe aperture forming a non-pressurized gravitypour water effect.

FIG. 6u illustrates a pool and runnel aperture making a pond/stream/fallcombo water effect.

FIG. 6v illustrates a bucket aperture making a bucket dump water effect.

FIG. 7a details a wheel controlled butterfly valve.

FIG. 7b details a lever controlled butterfly valve.

FIG. 7c shows a counter-weight valve.

FIG. 7d shows a standard gate valve.

FIG. 7e shows a below water (or grade) gate valve.

FIG. 7f shows a flush valve.

FIG. 7g shows a hydraulic flush valve.

FIG. 7h illustrates a solenoid valve.

FIG. 7i details a lever controlled ball valve.

FIG. 7j details a wheel controlled ball valve.

FIG. 8 depicts a generalized view of an exoskeletal "playhouse"participatory water play structure.

FIG. 9 is a schematic plumbing drawing for the exoskeletal playstructure.

FIG. 10 depicts a further embodiment of an endoskeletal "whale"participatory water play structure with an interior skin.

The subject invention is comprised of several embodiments that can standalone or be combined to function for the recreational purposes asdescribed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ENDOSKELETAL PARTICIPATORY WATER PLAYSTRUCTURE:

Turning to FIG. 1 there is illustrated a perspective view of anembodiment of the subject invention known as an endoskeletalparticipatory water play structure 20. Endoskeletal participatory waterplay structure 20 is comprised of a hollow conduit multi-elevationalpolyhedral endoskeleton 21 with connected water forming devices e.g.,nozzles, weirs and apertures further described as follows: an externalnipple nozzle(s) 22; an internal nipple nozzle(s) 23; a cone nozzle 24;a water gun nozzle 25; a geyser nozzle 26; a platform nozzle 27; a fognozzle 28; a laminar flow nozzle 29; a jumping water ball nozzle 30; acurtain water fall weir 31; a weir with inclined surface 32; a rakewater fall weir 33; an open pipe aperture 34; a pool and runnel aperture35; a bucket aperture 36; and a hinged bucket 37. Water forming devices(22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37) may bejoined to endoskeleton 21 by glue, weld, screw, threaded coupling orbolted flange (not shown).

To enable a participant(s) 40 to adjust the flow of water 41 to waterforming devices (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,36, 37), a separate control valve 42 is connected to endoskeleton 21 ata point prior in the line of flow by way of bolted flange 43, or glue,weld, screw, or threaded coupling (not shown). Different types ofcontrol valves 42 are employed so as to require different types ofparticipant 40 interaction. By way of example, control valves 42include: wheel controlled butterfly valves 42a; lever controlledbutterfly valves 42b; counter-weight valves 42c; standard gate valves42d; below water (or grade) gate valves 42e; flush valves 42f; hydraulicflush valves 42g; solenoid valves 42h; lever controlled ball valves 42i;wheel controlled ball valves 42j.

The degree of valve control can range from between full water on to fullwater off and any desired intermediate position (akin to a rheostat), orlimited to a simple water on/off (akin to a switch).

Non-water effect play elements can also be attached to endoskeleton 21to enhance participatory play. Examples of non-water effect playelements include a static/rotating tunnel 51; a mirror 52; and a crow'snest 53. Static/rotating tunnel 51 can also be utilized to connect tothe varying elevations of endoskeleton 21 and permit participant 40 toslide to different levels of endoskeletal participatory water playstructure 20. Static/rotating tunnel 51 and crow's nest 53, can befabricated from metal, PVC, fiberglass, plastic, or other suitablematerial. Mirror 52 is fabricated of reflective metal or reflectiveplastic.

To facilitate participant 40 movement, a stair 54, a ladder 55, and aset of bars 56 connects different elevations of endoskeleton 21. A floorplatform 57 provides an elevated play area. Stair 54, ladder 55, bars 56and floor platform 57 are attached to endoskeleton 21 by either welds orclamps (not shown). To assist in defining spatial boundaries throughoutendoskeleton 21, an enclosure panel 58 is attached by glue, welds orclamps (not shown). Enclosure panels 58 also serve to insure participantsafety in the upper elevations of endoskeleton 21, as well as preventingunwanted participant entrapment. Roof panels 59 are positioned upon theuppermost levels of endoskeleton 21 and can serve as a shade device forparticipants 40. Stairs 54, ladders 55, bars 56, floor platforms 57,enclosure panels 58, and roof panels 59 are preferably made from metal,fiberglass wood, PVC, reinforced fabric or other structurally suitablematerial.

A pool 44 within which endoskeletal participatory water play structure20 is located can range in depth from a zero depth drainage basin toapproximately 1 meter. At a minimum the width of pool 44 need extend anmount sufficient to collect the majority of wind-blown overspray. Themaximum size of pool 44 is only limited by practicality and budget.Filtration and water heating systems are to be incorporated per localbuilding code.

Endoskeleton 21 is made of rust resistant metal, fiberglass,polyvinylchloride (PVC), or other structurally and functionally suitable"conduit". As used herein, "conduit" includes by definition all mannersor shapes of pipe, tubing, or other functionally shaped water carryingchannel. All such conduit is hollow to allow passage of water 41, yet ofsufficient strength to permit multiple participants 40 to safely climbwithin and upon its three dimensional frame. The size of conduit willrange from a minimum of approximately 1 cm internal diameter to amaximum of approximately 40 cm internal diameter. Conduit can be formedinto diverse shapes by bending and piecing together different lengthsections with glue or joint welds or by pressure clamps, screws,threaded couplings or flanges (not shown).

At a minimum, endoskeleton 21 defines a three dimensional space boundedby three or more interconnected conduits of sufficient size andseparation to permit participants 40 to fit between and operate theconnected water forming devices (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37), associated valves 42 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h,i, j) and incorporated play elements (50, 51, 52, 53). At a maximum thesize of endoskeleton 21 and the various valves, water forming devicesand play elements are limited only by functionality, budget and siteconstraint.

Additionally, the shape of endoskeleton 21 is easily conformed intorecognizable vehicular or animal like structures. FIG. 2 depictsendoskeleton 21 in the shape of a participatory water play "fire-truck",with water forming devices, e.g., a external nipple nozzle(s) 22;internal nipple nozzle(s) 23; cone nozzle 24; water gun nozzle 25;platform nozzle 27; fog nozzle 28; weir with inclined surface 32;flexible hose nozzle(s) 38; and with valves 42, e.g., wheel controlledbutterfly valve 42a and gate valve 42d. Ladder 55 and floor 57 assistparticipant 40 in movement and support. Enclosure panels 56 assists indefining the three dimensional surface shape of "fire track"endoskeleton 21.

FIG. 3 depicts endoskeleton 21 in the shape of a participatory waterplay "whale", with water forming devices, e.g., external nipplenozzle(s) 22; internal nipple nozzle(s) 23; cone nozzle 24; weir withinclined surface 32; rake waterfall weir 33; and with valves 42, e.g.,wheel controlled butterfly valve 42a and gate valve 42d. Ladder 55 (notshown) and floor 57 assist participant 40 in movement and support.Enclosure panels 58 assist in defining the three dimensional surfaceshape of "whale" endoskeleton 21.

FIG. 4 Illustrates the whale of FIG. 3 clad in a surfacing material 48.Surfacing material 48 can act as the exterior skin of endoskeletalparticipatory water play structure 20. This can be especiallyadvantageous when a more "life-like" physical representation is desired.Surfacing material 48 can be fabricated from fiberglass, concrete, foam,gunite, wood, plastic, rubber, fabric or any other surfacing materialthat is suitable for participatory play.

Numerous other types, styles and shapes of participatory water playstructures are available, by way of example and not limitation, suchstructures could include a fort, teepee or factory; vehicles couldinclude a rocket ship, automobile, submarine, or fireboat; and animalscould include a dinosaur, elephant or rhino.

Turning to FIG. 5 them is illustrated a schematic plumbing diagram whichillustrates the flow of water 41 throughout the subject invention. Acirculating pump 45 supplies water 41 to a master control valve manifold46 which in turn provides for on/off and balanced water control to theregions of endoskeleton 21 as indicated. Master control valve manifold46 is not intended for use by participants 40, rather, master controlvalve manifold 46 allows the operator of an embodiment of the subjectinvention to regulate safe and efficient water flow, or to terminatewater service to all or specific regions of endoskeleton 21. Arecirculating drain 49 enables water 41 to return to pump 45 forrecirculation.

FIG. 6a through FIG. 6v illustrate representative water forming devicesand their associated kinetic water effects. Starting with FIG. 6a(perspective view) and FIG. 6b (cross-section of 6a) there is detailedexternal nipple nozzle 22 comprised of an external nipple 47a whichperforates the endoskeleton and is secured by glue, thread or weld. Jet60 water effect issues from external nipple nozzle 22.

FIG. 6c (perspective view) and FIG. 6d (cross-section of 6c) details aninternal nipple nozzle 23 which is similar to external nipple nozzle 22except that internal nipple 47b is oriented inward and flush to theoutside of the endoskeleton, with the outside surface made smooth so theexternal appearance is simply of a hole in the endoskeleton. Internalnipple nozzles 23 are used for purposes of safety, especially in thelower regions of endoskeletal participatory water play structure 20where participants 40 could make contact with any external nipples.External nipple nozzle 22 and internal nipple nozzle 23 produce similarjet 60 water effects, with external nipple nozzle 22 producing jet 60with a slightly smoother rod like surface.

The orientation of nipple nozzles 22 and 23 relative to the force ofgravity produces identifiably different jet water effects. FIG. 6aillustrates an arch jet 60a formed when nipple nozzle 22 is directed ata 45 degree angle from the vertical. FIG. 6c illustrates an angle jet60b formed when nipple nozzle 23 is directed at a 90 degree angle fromthe vertical. FIG. 6e shows a series of vertical jets 60c produced whennipple nozzles 23 are directed vertically. FIG. 6f shows a series of barjets 60d produced when nipple nozzles are directed downwardly. FIG. 6gdepicts a series of horizontal jets 60e created when nipple nozzles 23are oriented one-on-top-of-the-other along the vertical axis. FIG. 6hdepicts a series of peacock jets 60f created when nipple nozzles 23 arelinearly oriented around a curve.

FIG. 6i details cone nozzle 24. When oriented with cone nozzle 24pointed predominantly vertically cone nozzle 24 produces an umbrellaspray 61a. FIG. 6j shows cone nozzle 24 pointed in a predominantlydownward direction and forming a cone spray 61b.

FIG. 6k illustrates water gun nozzle 25 forming a water gun jet 62.

FIG. 6l illustrates geyser nozzle 26 forming a geyser 63. In order forgeyser 63 to properly form, geyser nozzle 26 must be positioned under afew inches of water and oriented towards the vertical.

FIG. 6m shows platform nozzle 27 comprised of external nipple nozzle 22vertically positioned with nozzle opening flush with an opening throughfloor platform 57. Platform nozzle 27 forms a platform spout 64 watereffect.

FIG. 6n shows fog nozzle 28 issuing a fog 65 water effect.

FIG. 6o depicts laminar flow nozzle 29 issuing a laminar flow 66 watereffect. Laminar flow 66 differs from a normal jet in that the water isuni-directional and non-turbulent.

FIG. 6p depicts jumping water ball nozzle 30 issuing a jumping waterball 67 water effect.

FIG. 6q details curtain water fall weir 31 creating a curtain water fall68.

FIG. 6r details weir with inclined surface 32 creating an inclinedsurface sheet 69 with subsequent curtain water fall 68.

FIG. 6s pictures rake water fail weir 33 forming a rake water fall 70.

FIG. 6t pictures open pipe aperture 34 forming a non-pressurized gravitypour 71 water effect.

FIG. 6u illustrates a pool and runnel aperture 35 making apond/stream/fall combo 72 water effect.

FIG. 6v illustrates connected bucket aperture 36 filling a bucket 37 andwhen tipped (as indicated by dotted lines) produces a bucket dump 73water effect.

FIG. 7a through FIG. 7j illustrate various control valves 42 utilized inthe subject invention. FIG. 7a details a wheel controlled butterflyvalve 42a. FIG. 7b details a lever controlled butterfly valve 42b. FIG.7c shows a counter-weight valve 42c. FIG. 7d shows a standard gate valve42d. FIG. 7e shows a below water (or grade) gate valve 42e. FIG. 7fshows a flush valve 42f. FIG. 7g shows a hydraulic flush valve 42g. FIG.7h illustrates a solenoid valve 42h. FIG. 7i pictures lever controlledball valve 42i. FIG. 7j pictures wheel controlled ball valve 42j.Control valves (42a, 42b, 42e, 42d, 42e, 42f, 42g, 42h, 42i, and 42j)are capable of association with any of the previously described waterforming devices (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,36, and 37).

From the description above, a number of advantages of the endoskeletalparticipatory water play structure embodiment of this invention becomesevident:

(a) The sight, sound, and sensation of a multi-level superstructurefilled with participant controlled valves that change water effectsissuing form a multiplicity of water forming devices is a thrillingparticipant and observer experience. Participants (wet or dry) areinvited to play and observers to visually enjoy hours of fun and fancy;

(b) A large scale high capacity participatory water play facility is nowavailable for amusement and public parks;

(c) The integration of participatory water play components (e.g., playelements, valves, and water forming devices) into one synergistic unitresults in a whole that is more exciting, creative and fun than the sumof its parts:

(d) Componentization of structural additions, waterplay elements and thewater effects allows each component to be isolated by cost to providefor maximum purchaser budget flexibility and permit subsequent additionsover a period of years.

(e) The use of a pool with water re-circulation system avoids damagingrun-off and promotes water conservation.

OPERATION OF THE ENDOSKELETAL PARTICIPATORY WATER PLAY STRUCTURE

Turning to FIG. 5 circulating pump 45 is turned on to supply waterthrough master control valve manifold 46 and onto endoskeleton 21.Master control valve manifold 46 allows the operator of an embodiment ofthe subject invention to regulate a safe, balanced and functional rateof flow to the various control valves and water forming means throughoutendoskeleton 21. Furthermore, master control valve manifold 46 permitsan operator to sequester specific regions of endoskeleton 21 tofacilitate temporary shutdown of a defective water forming device, yet,still permit other functioning devices to operate for the enjoyment ofparticipants 40.

Turning to FIG. 1, multiple participants 40 walk/wade within pool 44 orclimb and play upon stairs 54, floor platforms 57, ladders 55, and setsof bars 56 to reach and play upon either the non-water play elements(e.g., crow's nest 53, mirror 52, rotating static tunnel 51, etc.), orto reach and play with the multiplicity of separate control valves 42that operate the multiplicity of water flow devices with theircorresponding water effect(s) (e.g., external nipples nozzle 22 with itsvarious jet 60 (a, b, c, d, e, f) water effects; internal nipple nozzle23 with its various jet 60(a, b, c, d, e, f) water effects; cone nozzle24 with its umbrella spray 61a or cone spray 61b; water gun nozzle 25with its water gun jet 62; geyser nozzle 26 with its geyser 63; platformnozzle 27 with its platform spout 64; fog nozzle 28 with its fog 65;laminar flow nozzle 29 with its laminar flow 66; jumping water ballnozzle 30 with its jumping water ball 67; curtain water fall weir 31with its curtain water fall 68; weir with inclined surface 32 with itsinclined surface sheet 69; rake water fall weir 33 with its rake waterfall 70; open pipe aperture 34 with its non-pressurized gravity pour 71;pool and runnel aperture 35 with its pond/stream/fall combo 72; andbucket aperture 36 with its bucket dump 73.

To operate and vary water effects (60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68,69, 70, 71, 72, 73) that issue from associated water forming devices(22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37)participant(s) 40 either turn, pull, push or hit control valve 42dependent upon the type of control valve 42 that water forming devices(22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37) areassociated with. If control valve 42 is wheel controlled butterfly valve42a, lever controlled butterfly valve 42i, or gate valve 42d and 42e,then, participant 40 turns the wheel to restrict or open the flow ofwater 41 and thereby cause change in water effects to occur. If controlvalve 42 is lever controlled butterfly valve 42b, wheel controlled ballvalve 42j, or flush valve 42f or 42g, then, participant 40 pushes orpulls the lever to restrict or open the flow of water 41 and causechange in water effects to occur. If control valve 42 is counter weightvalve 42c, then, participant need only pull to open the flow of water 41and the counter weight will automatically close the flow. If controlvalve 42 is a solenoid valve 42h, then, participant 40 need only hit anactuator button to cause a given water effect to change. The numerouscombinations of forming device/control valve associations provide forabundant opportunities in creative participant water play.

Accordingly, it should now be apparent that the Endoskeletalparticipatory water play structure embodiment of this invention providesan exciting sensory participant and observer experience.

In addition, the Endoskeletal participatory water play structure has thefollowing advantages:

∘ The controllable valves utilized in the endoskeletal participatorywater play structure allow changes to water effects by the simplephysical act of a participant pushing a lever, pulling a rope, hitting abutton or turning a valve. Such participant acts create a vast array ofwater effects resulting in a "live" hydrodynamically non-staticstructure that physically changes in appearance, sound, and texture eachtime it is used.

∘ By operating the various valves and controlling the various watereffects participants, especially young children, learn the cause andeffect relationship between action (pulling a rope or turning a wheel)and reaction (getting doused with a gush of water or watching a geysererupt). Interactive participation allows the participant to enhancetheir knowledge of water, its many shapes, forms, textures andconsequences under various dynamic conditions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXOSKELETAL PARTICIPATORY WATER PLAYSTRUCTURE

Turning now to FIG. 8 there is illustrated a perspective view of anembodiment of the subject invention known as an exoskeletalparticipatory water play structure 74. Exoskeletal participatory waterplay structure 74 is comprised of an external support system 75 and anon-load bearing circulatory conduit system 76 with connected waterforming devices e.g., nozzles, weirs and apertures further described asfollows: an external nipple nozzle(s) 22; an internal nipple nozzle(s)23; a cone nozzle 24; a water gun nozzle 25; a geyser nozzle 26; aplatform nozzle 27; a fog nozzle 28; a laminar flow nozzle 29; a jumpingwater ball nozzle 30; a curtain water fall weir 31; a weir with inclinedsurface 32; a rake water fall weir 33; an open pipe aperture 34; a pooland runnel aperture 35; a bucket aperture 36; and a hinged bucket 37.Water forming devices (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,34, 35, 36, 37) are secured to external support system 75 by appropriatemeans, e.g., glue, weld, nail, screw, threaded coupling or bolted flange(not shown). Circulatory conduit system 76 is connected to water formingdevices (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37)by standard hose or pipe fittings (not shown).

To enable a participant(s) 40 to adjust the flow of water 41 to waterforming devices (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,36, 37) a separate control valve 42 is connected to circulatory conduitsystem 76 at a point prior in the line of flow by way of standard hoseor pipe fittings (not shown). Different types of control valves 42 areemployed so as to require different types of participant 40 interaction.By way of example, control valves 42 include: wheel controlled butterflyvalves 42a; lever controlled butterfly valves 42b; counter-weight valves42c; standard gate valves 42d; below water (or grade) gate valves 42e;flush valves 42f; hydraulic flush valves 42g; solenoid valves 42h; levercontrolled ball valves 42i; wheel controlled ball valves 42j.

The degree of valve control can range from between full water on to fullwater off and any desired intermediate position (akin to a rheostat), orlimited to a simple water on/off (akin to a switch).

Non-water effect play elements can also be attached to external supportsystem 75 to enhance participatory play. Examples of non-water effectplay elements include a static/rotating tunnel 51; a mirror 52; and acrow's nest 53. Static/rotating tunnel 51 can also be utilized toconnect to the varying elevations of external support system 75 andpermit participant 40 to slide to different levels of exoskeletalparticipatory water play structure 74. Static/rotating tunnel 51, andcrow's nest 53, can be fabricated from metal, PVC, fiberglass plastic,or other suitable material. Mirror 52 is fabricated of reflective metalor reflective plastic.

To facilitate participant 40 movement, a stair 54, a ladder 55, and aset of bars 56 connects different elevations of exoskeletalparticipatory water play structure 74. A floor platform 57 provides anelevated play area. Stair 54, ladder 55, bars 56 and floor platform 57are attached to external support system 75 by either welds or clamps(not shown). To assist in defining spatial boundaries throughoutexoskeletal participatory water play structure 74, an enclosure panel 58is attached by glue, welds or clamps (not shown). Enclosure panels 58also serve to insure participant safety in the upper elevations ofexoskeletal participatory water play structure 74, as well as preventingunwanted participant entrapment. Roof panels 59 are positioned upon theuppermost levels of exoskeletal participatory water play structure 74and can also serve as a shade device for participants 40. Stairs 54,ladders 55, bars 56, floor platforms 57, enclosure panels 58, and roofpanels 59 are preferably made from metal, fiberglass, wood, PVC,reinforced fabric or other structurally suitable material.

A pool 44 within which exoskeletal participatory water play structure 74is located can range in depth from a zero depth drainage basin toapproximately 1 meter. At a minimum the width of pool 44 need extend anamount sufficient to collect the majority of wind-blown overspray. Themaximum size of pool 44 is only limited by practicality and budget.Filtration and water heating systems are to be incorporated per localbuilding code.

External support system 75 is made from any material suitable to sustainthe requisite structural loads, e.g., metal; concrete; gunite; wood;fiberglass; or structural plastics/composites.

Non-load beating circulatory conduit system 76 is made from hose, pipe,tubing, or other functionally shaped water carrying channel. All suchconduit is hollow to allow passage of water 41. The size of conduit willrange from a minimum of approximately 1 cm internal diameter to amaximum of approximately 40 cm internal diameter. Conduit can be formedinto diverse shapes by bending and piecing together different lengthsections with glue or joint welds or by pressure clamps, screws,threaded couplings or flanges (not shown).

At a minimum, exoskeletal participatory water play structure 74 definesa three dimensional external structural support system 75 with non-loadbearing circulatory conduit system 76 of sufficient size to permitparticipants 40 to operate the connected water forming devices (22, 23,24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37), associatedvalves 42 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j) and incorporated play elements(50, 51, 52, 53). At a maximum the size of exoskeletal participatorywater play structure 74 and the various valves, water forming devicesand play elements are limited only by functionality, budget and siteconstraint.

Similar to its endoskeletal counterpart, the shape of exoskeletalparticipatory water play structure 74 is easily conformed intorecognizable vehicular or animal like structures. FIG. 10 depictsexoskeleton 21 in the shape of a participatory water play "whale", withwater forming devices, e.g., external nipple nozzle(s) 22; internalnipple nozzle(s) 23; cone nozzle 24; weir with inclined surface 32; andwith valves 42; e.g., wheel controlled butterfly valve 42a and gatevalve 42d. Ladder 55 (not shown) assists participant 40 in movement ontothe structure.

Flexibility in structural design and surfacing will facilitate amultiplicity of changeable exoskeletal embodiments, for example,different types of buildings (house, fort, teepee, firestation) ordifferent types of vehicles (rocket ship, automobile, submarine,fireboat) or even different types of animals (whale, dinosaur,elephant). A user friendly surfacing material can be added as anexterior skin to exoskeletal participatory water play structure 74.Fiberglass or soft foam coatings are especially advantageous when thestructural shell is made of a rough and unforgiving material such asconcrete, gunite, or wood.

Turning to FIG. 9 there is illustrated a schematic plumbing diagramwhich illustrates the flow of water 41 throughout the subject invention.Circulation pump 45 supplies water 41 to master control valve manifold46 which in turn provides for on/off and balanced water control to allregions of circulatory conduit system 76 as indicated. Master controlvalve manifold 46 is not intended for use by participants 40, rather,master control valve manifold 46 allows the operator of an embodiment ofthe subject invention to terminate service to all or specific regions ofcirculatory conduit system 76. A recirculating drain 49 enables water 41to return to pump 45 for recirculation.

In exoskeletal participatory water play structure 74, water formingdevices and associated water effects are substantially similar to thoseas illustrated in FIG. 6a through FIG. 6v of the previously describedendoskeletal 21 embodiment. Consequently, for purposes of brevity, thefollowing description will reference these drawings. However, it is tobe understood that since circulatory conduit system 76 isnon-structural, any water forming means connected therewith must befirmly secured and supported to external support system 75.

FIG. 6a through FIG. 6v illustrate representative water forming devicesand their associated kinetic water effects. Starting with FIG. 6a(perspective view) and FIG. 6b (cross-section of 6a) there is detailedexternal nipple nozzle 22 comprised of an external nipple 47a whichperforates the circulatory conduit system and is secured by glue, threador weld. Jet 60 water effect issues from external nipple nozzle 22.

FIG. 6c (perspective view) and FIG. 6d (cross-section of 6c) details aninternal nipple nozzle 23 which is similar to external nipple nozzle 22except that internal nipple 47b is oriented inward, with the outsidesurface made smooth so the external appearance is simply of a hole.Internal nipple nozzle 23 are used for purposes of safety, especially inthe lower regions of exoskeletal participatory water play structure 74where participants 40 could make contact with any external nipples.External nipple nozzle 22 and internal nipple nozzle 23 produce similarjet 60 water effects, with external nipple nozzle 22 producing jet 60with a slightly smoother rod like surface.

The orientation of nipple nozzles 22 and 23 relative to the force ofgravity produces identifiably different jet water effects. FIG. 6aillustrates an arch jet 60a formed when nipple nozzle 22 is directed ata 45 degree angle from the vertical. FIG. 6c illustrates an angle jet60b formed when nipple nozzle 23 is directed at a 90 degree angle fromthe vertical. FIG. 6eshows a series of vertical jets 60c produced whennipple nozzles 23 are directed vertically. FIG. 6f shows a series of barjets 60d produced when nipple nozzles are directed downwardly. FIG. 6gdepicts a series of horizontal jets 60e created when nipple nozzles 23are oriented one-on-top-of-the-other along the vertical axis. FIG. 6hdepicts a series of peacock jets 60f created when nipple nozzles 23 arelinearly oriented around a curve.

FIG. 6i details cone nozzle 24. When oriented with cone nozzle 24pointed predominantly vertically cone nozzle 24 produces an umbrellaspray 61a. FIG. 6j shows cone nozzle 24 pointed in a predominantlydownward direction and forming a cone spray 61b.

FIG. 6k illustrates water gun nozzle 25 forming a water gun jet 62.

FIG. 6l illustrates geyser nozzle 26 forming a geyser 63. In order forgeyser 63 to properly form, geyser nozzle 26 must be positioned under afew-inches of water and oriented towards the vertical.

FIG. 6m shows platform nozzle 27 comprised of external nipple nozzle 22vertically positioned with nozzle opening flush with an opening throughfloor platform 57. Platform nozzle 27 forms a platform spout 64 watereffect.

FIG. 6n shows fog nozzle 28 issuing a fog 65 water effect.

FIG. 6o depicts laminar flow nozzle 29 issuing a laminar flow 66 watereffect. Laminar flow 66 differs from a normal jet in that the water isuni-directional and non-turbulent.

FIG. 6p depicts jumping water ball nozzle 30 issuing a jumping waterball 67 water effect.

FIG. 6q details curtain water fall weir 31 creating a curtain water fall68.

FIG. 6r details weir with inclined surface 32 creating an inclinedsurface sheet 69 with subsequent curtain water fall 68.

FIG. 6s pictures rake water fall weir 33 forming a rake water fall 70.

FIG. 6t pictures open pipe aperture 34 forming a non-pressurized gravitypour 71 water effect.

FIG. 6u illustrates a pool and runnel aperture 35 making apond/stream/fall combo 72 water effect.

FIG. 6v illustrates connected bucket aperture 36 filing a bucket 37 andWhen tipped (as indicated by dotted lines) produces a bucket dump 73water effect.

FIG. 7a through FIG. 7j illustrates various control valves 42 utilizedin the subject invention. FIG. 7a details a wheel controlled butterflyvalve 42a. FIG. 7b details a lever controlled butterfly valve 42b. FIG.7c shows a counter-weight valve 42c. FIG. 7d shows a standard gate valve42d. FIG. 7e shows a below water (or grade) gate valve 42e. FIG. 7fshows a flush valve 42f. FIG. 7g shows a hydraulic flush valve 42g. FIG.7h illustrates a solenoid valve 42h. FIG. 7i pictures lever controlledball valve 42i. FIG. 7j pictures wheel controlled ball valve 42j.Control valves (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e, 42f, 42g, 42h, 42i, and 42j)are capable of association with any of the previously described waterforming devices (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,36, and 37).

From the description above, a number of advantages of the exoskeletalparticipatory water play structure embodiment of this invention becomesevident:

(a) The exoskeletal orientation will permit different material choicesand fabrication techniques for the subject inventions when compared toan endoskeletal orientation. This range of choices will enable theproduction of structures, e.g., vehicles, animals or buildings, thatvisually are more realistic in appearance. This flexibility will permita broader product offering to satisfy the needs and desires of themarketplace.

(b) The sight, sound, and sensation of a multi-level superstructurefilled with participant controlled valves that change water effectsissuing from a multiplicity of water forming devices is a thrillingparticipant and observer experience. Participants (wet or dry) areinvited to play and observers to enjoy hours of fun and fancy;

(c) A large scale high capacity participatory water play facility is nowavailable for amusement and public parks;

(d) The integration of participatory water play components (e.g., playelements, valves, and water forming devices) into one synergistic unitresults in a whole that is more exciting, creative and fun than the sumof its parts;

(e) Componentization of structural additions, waterplay elements and thewater effects allows each component to be isolated by cost to providefor maximum purchaser budget flexibility and permit subsequent additionsover a period of years;

(f) The use of a pool with water re-circulation system avoids damagingrun-off and promotes water conservation.

OPERATION OF THE EXOSKELETAL PARTICIPATORY WATER PLAY STRUCTURE

Turning to FIG. 9 circulation pump 45 is turned on to supply waterthrough master control valve manifold 46 and into circulatory system 76.Master control valve manifold 46 allows the operator of an embodiment ofthe subject invention to regulate a safe, balanced and functional rateof flow to the various control valves and water forming means attachedto circulatory system 76. Furthermore, master control valve manifold 46permits an operator to sequester specific regions of circulatory system76 to facilitate temporary shutdown of a defective water forming device,yet, still permit other functioning devices to operate for the enjoymentof participants 40.

Turning to FIG. 8, multiple participants 40 walk/wade within pool. 44 orclimb and play upon stairs 54, floor platforms 57, ladders 55, and setsof bars 56 to reach and play upon either the non-water play elements(e.g., crow's nest 53, mirror 52, rotating static tunnel 51, etc.), orto reach and play with the multiplicity of separate control valves 42that operate the multiplicity of water flow devices with theircorresponding water effect(s) (e.g., external nipple nozzle 22 with itsvarious jet 60 (a, b, c, d, e, f) water effects; internal nipple nozzle23 with its various jet 60 (a, b, c, d, e, f) water effects; cone nozzle24 with its umbrella spray 61a or cone spray 61b; water gun nozzle 25with its water gun jet 62; geyser nozzle 26 with its geyser 63; platformnozzle 27 with its platform spout 64; fog nozzle 28 with its fog 64;laminar flow nozzle 29 with its laminar flow 66; jumping water ballnozzle 30 with its jumping water ball 67; curtain water fall weir 31with its curtain water fall 68; weir with inclined surface 32 with itsinclined surface sheet 69; rake water fall weir 33 with its rake waterfail 70; open pipe aperture 34 with its non-pressurized gravity pour 71;pool and runnel aperture 35 with its pond/stream/fall combo 72; andbucket aperture 36 with its bucket dump 73).

To operate and vary water effects (60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68,69, 70, 71, 72, 73) that issue from associated water forming devices(22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37)participant(s) 40 either turn, pull, push or hit control valve 42dependent upon the type of control valve 42 that water forming devices(22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37) areassociated with. If control valve 42 is wheel controlled butterfly valve42a, lever controlled ball valve 42i or a gate valve 42c and 42d, then,participant 40 turns the wheel to restrict or open the flow of water 41and thereby cause change in water effects to occur. If control valve 42is lever controlled butterfly valve 42b, wheel controlled ball valve42j, or flush valve 42f or 42g, then, participant 40 pushes or pulls thelever to restrict or open the flow of water 41 and cause change in watereffects to occur. If control valve 42 is counter weight valve 42c, then,participant need only pull to open the flow of water 41 and the counterweight will automatically close the flow. If control valve 42 is asolenoid valve 42h, then, participant 40 need only hit an actuatorbutton to cause a given water effect to change. The numerouscombinations of forming device/control valve associations provides forabundant opportunities in creative participant water play.

Accordingly, it should now be apparent that the exoskeletalparticipatory water play structure embodiment of this invention providesan exciting sensory participant and observer experience.

In addition, the exoskeletal participatory water play structure has thefollowing advantages:

∘ The differentiating structural characteristics of an exoskeletalsystem provides increased flexibility to meet prospective purchasersdesign and fiscal requirements.

∘ The controllable valves utilized in the exoskeletal participatorywater play structure allow changes to water effects by the simplephysical act of a participant pushing a lever, pulling a rope, hitting abutton or turning a valve. Such participant acts create an infinitearray of water effects resulting in a "live" hydrodynamically non-staticstructure that physically changes in appearance, sound, and texture eachtime it is used.

∘ By operating the various valves and controlling the various watereffects participants, especially young children, learn the cause andeffect relationship between action (pulling a rope or turning a wheel)and reaction (getting doused with a gush of water or watching a geysererupt). Interactive participation allows the participant to enhancetheir knowledge of water, its many shapes, forms, textures andconsequences under various dynamic conditions.

As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, certain modificationsand changes can be made without departing from the spirit or intent ofthe present invention. For example, the dimensions given by way of scaleor reference do not have to be geometrically precise, approximations aresufficient. The valves, water forming devices and associated watereffects as specified in the embodiments described herein are deemed tobe representative. Consequently, other valves, water forming devices andassociated water effects currently known by those skilled in the art maybe substituted to accomplish the intended objectives set forth above.Likewise, the structural shapes described herein (e.g., play house, firetruck and whale) are representative. Other structural shapes andcharacterizations may be substituted to fit within the metes and boundsof the subject invention. Moreover, an alternate to the describedcirculation pump is an elevated reservoir. Finally, the terms andexpressions which have been employed in the foregoing specifications areused therein as terms of description and not of limitation, and there isno intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excludingequivalents of the features shown and described, or portions thereof, itbeing recognized that the scope of the invention is defined and limitedonly by the claims which follow.

I claim:
 1. An interactive water play apparatus, comprising:a playstructure formed of a plurality of interconnected pipes, said pipeshaving sufficient size and strength for safely supporting one or moreplay participants playing on, in or around said play structure; at leastone water forming device disposed on said play structure for selectivelydirecting or spraying water onto said play participants and/or forcreating desired water effects; and at least one control valve mountedso as to be readily accessible to said play participants, said controlvalve allowing said play participants to selectively activate said waterforming device whereby interactive water play is thereby attained. 2.The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein saidplay structure comprises a three-dimensional play structure bounded bysaid plurality of interconnected pipes.
 3. The interactive water playapparatus recited in claim 2, wherein said play structure comprises amulti-level play structure having various elevated play areas orplatforms upon which said play participants may play and between whichsaid play participants can climb.
 4. The interactive water playapparatus recited in claim 3, whereto said play structure furthercomprises a climbing structure for allowing access to said elevated playareas or platforms.
 5. The interactive water play apparatus recited inclaim 3, wherein said play structure further comprises a roof structuredisposed over at least one of said elevated play areas or platforms. 6.The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein saidplay structure is formed so as to simulate a play object such as ananimal, house or vehicle.
 7. The interactive water play apparatusrecited in claim 1, wherein said play structure is formed so as tosimulate the shape of a play object such as an animal, house or vehicle.8. The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim 7, wherein saidplay structure simulates the shape of a play fire engine.
 9. Theinteractive water play apparatus recited in claim 7, wherein said playstructure simulates the shape of a play whale.
 10. The interactive waterplay apparatus recited in claim 7, wherein said play structure simulatesthe shape of a play submarine.
 11. The interactive water play apparatusrecited in claim 7, wherein said play structure further comprises one ormore enclosure panels disposed between adjacent water conduits to assistin defining outer surfaces or inner compartments of said play structure.12. The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim 1, whereinsaid play structure further comprises one or more non-water playelements such as a slide or rotating tunnel.
 13. The interactive waterplay apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein said pipes comprise durablecorrosion-resistant metal piping having a diameter of between about 1 cmand 40 cm.
 14. The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim 1wherein said pipes comprise durable corrosion resistant PVC pipinghaving a diameter of between about 1 cm and 40 cm.
 15. The interactivewater play apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein said water formingdevice comprises a nozzle adapted to spray water onto said playparticipants.
 16. The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim15 wherein said nozzle is mounted on one of said pipes substantiallyrecessed or flush with the exterior surface of said pipe so as toprevent possible injurious contact with said play participants.
 17. Theinteractive water play apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein said waterforming device comprises a water gun adapted to selectively direct astream of water.
 18. The interactive water play apparatus recited inclaim 1 wherein said water forming device comprises the combination of anozzle and a hinged bucket adapted to fill with water and periodicallyspill over.
 19. The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim 1,wherein said water forming device comprises an overhead water sprayadapted to spray water onto said play participants.
 20. The interactivewater play apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein said water formingdevice comprises a water spout adapted to spray water onto said playparticipants.
 21. The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim1, wherein said water forming device comprises a water fall cascadingdownward onto said play participants.
 22. The interactive water playapparatus recited in claim 1 wherein said water forming device comprisesa jumping water ball nozzle.
 23. The interactive water play apparatusrecited in claim 1, wherein said control valve comprises a wheeloperated faucet.
 24. The interactive water play apparatus recited inclaim 1, further comprising a wading pool or other receptacle forcollecting water spraying from said water forming device.
 25. Theinteractive water play apparatus recited in claim 24 further comprisinga recirculation pump for recirculating water from said pool orreceptacle to said water forming device.
 26. The interactive water playapparatus recited in claim 25 comprising a plurality of water formingdevices and corresponding control valves and further comprising acontrol valve manifold for safely regulating a substantially balancedflow of water to said plurality of water forming devices andcorresponding control valves.
 27. The interactive water play apparatusrecited in claim 26 wherein said control valve manifold comprises amanifold having at least one inlet for receiving water from saidrecirculation pump and a plurality of outlets each having acorresponding control valve for safely delivering a substantiallybalanced flow of water to said plurality of water forming devices andcorresponding control valves.
 28. An interactive water play apparatus,comprising:a play structure for supporting play participants playing on,in or around said play structure; a plurality of water forming devicesdisposed on said play structure at various locations and elevations fordirecting water onto said play participants and/or for creating desiredwater effects; and a corresponding plurality of control valves mountedon said play structure so as to be readily accessible to said playparticipants, said control valves adapted to allow said playparticipants to selectively activate one or more of said water formingdevices.
 29. The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim 28,wherein said play structure comprises a substantially openthree-dimensional structure.
 30. The interactive water play apparatusrecited in claim 29, wherein said play structure is formed to simulatethe shape of a play object such as an animal, house or vehicle.
 31. Theinteractive water play apparatus recited in claim 30; wherein said playstructure simulates the shape of a play fire engine.
 32. The interactivewater play apparatus recited in claim 30, wherein said play structuresimulates the shape of a play whale.
 33. The interactive water playapparatus recited in claim 30, wherein said play structure simulates theshape of a play submarine.
 34. The interactive water play apparatusrecited in claim 28, wherein said play structure is formed of astructural support shell covered with a relatively non-abrasivesurfacing material.
 35. The interactive water play apparatus recited inclaim 28, wherein said play structure comprises a multi-level playstructure having various elevated play areas or platforms upon whichsaid play participants may play and between which said play participantscan climb.
 36. The interactive waterplay apparatus recited in claim 35,wherein said platforms are formed from a non-slip fiberglass material.37. The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim 35, whereinsaid play structure further comprises a climbing structure for allowingaccess to said elevated play areas or platforms.
 38. The interactivewaterplay apparatus recited in claim 28, wherein said play structurecomprises a three-dimensional frame comprising interconnected waterconduits of a sufficient size and separation to permit said playparticipants to operate and interact with one or more of saidwater-forming devices or control valves.
 39. The interactive water playapparatus recited in claim 28 wherein at least one of said water formingdevices comprises a nozzle adapted to spray water onto said playparticipants.
 40. The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim39 wherein said nozzle is substantially recessed or flush with theexterior surface of said play structure so as to prevent possibleinjurious contact with said play participants.
 41. The interactive waterplay apparatus recited in claim 28 wherein at least one of said waterforming devices comprises a water gun adapted to selectively direct astream of water.
 42. The interactive water play apparatus recited inclaim 28, wherein at least one of said water forming devices comprisesan overhead water spray adapted to spray water onto said playparticipants.
 43. The interactive water play apparatus recited in claim28, wherein at least one of said water forming devices comprises a waterspout adapted to spray water onto said play participants.
 44. Theinteractive water play apparatus recited in claim 28, wherein at leastone of said water forming devices comprises a water fall cascadingdownward onto said play participants.
 45. The interactive water playapparatus recited in claim 28, wherein at least one of said controlvalves comprises a wheel operated faucet.
 46. The interactive water playapparatus recited in claim 28, wherein said play structure furthercomprises one or more non-water effect play elements such as a slide orrotating tunnel.
 47. The interactive water play apparatus recited inclaim 28, further comprising a wading pool or other receptacle forcollecting water spraying from said water forming devices.
 48. Theinteractive water play apparatus recited in claim 28 further comprisinga control valve manifold for safely regulating a substantially balancedflow of water to said plurality of water forming devices andcorresponding control valves.
 49. The interactive water play apparatusrecited in claim 48 wherein said control valve manifold comprises amanifold having at least one inlet for receiving water from saidrecirculation pump and a plurality of outlets each having acorresponding control valve for safely delivering a substantiallybalanced flow of water to said plurality of water forming devices andcorresponding control valves.
 50. A method for interactive water play,comprising the following steps:providing water to a plurality of waterforming devices arranged at various locations and elevations on a playstructure so as to direct or spray said water into the air, onto playparticipants or into a pool or other water receptacle; adjusting acorresponding plurality of control valves also arranged on said playstructure at various locations and elevations to selectively activate orcontrol said corresponding water forming devices so as to create variousdesired water effects; and allowing said water spray issuing from saidwater forming devices to cool off and/or entertain said playparticipants.